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ACID RAIN






ACID RAIN






         


          ACID RAIN INCLUDES RAIN, SNOW, HAIL, FOG, OR DEW THAT IS HIGH IN ACID POLLUTANTS, ESPECIALLY SULPHURIC AND NITRIC ACID. ACID RAIN IS MAINLY CAUSED BY EMISSIONS OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE AND NITROGEN OXIDE FROM VARIOUS SOURCES. THEY REACT WITH THE WATER MOLECULES IN THE ATMOSPHERE TO PRODUCE ACIDS. THE PROBLEM OF ACID RAIN HAS NOT ONLY INCREASED WITH RAPID GROWTH IN POPULATION AND INDUSTRIALIZATION, BUT IT HAS ALSO BECOME MORE HARMFUL. THE USE OF THE TALL CHIMNEYS ON A FACTORY, SHIP, HAS CONTRIBUTED TO THE SPREAD OF ACID RAIN BY RELEASING GASES INTO THE ATMOSPHERE. 







 









            

        THE MAIN NATURE CAUSING AGENTS FOR ACID RAIN ARE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS. VOLCANOES EMIT A LARGE AMOUNT OF LAVA, PRODUCING HARMFUL GASES WHICH CREATE A HIGHER THAN NORMAL AMOUNT OF ACID RAIN. DECAYING VEGETATION, WILDFIRES, AND OTHER BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES WITHIN THE ENVIRONMENT ALSO GENERATE THE ACID RAIN FORMING GASES. LIGHTING  STRIKES ALSO PRODUCE NITRIC OXIDES THAT REACT WITH WATER MOLECULES VIA ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY TO PRODUCE NITRIC ACID, THEREBY FORMING ACID RAIN.







 











     HARMFUL EFFECTS OF ACID RAIN


    ACID RAIN ADVERSELY AFFECTS THE ENVIRONMENT INCLUDES MARINE BIODIVERSITY, SOIL, ARCHITECTURE AND INFRASTRUCTURE, FORESTS AND FOREST WILDLIFE, PUBLIC HEALTH. FOR EXAMPLE, TAJ MAHAL IS TURNING YELLOW MAINLY DUE TO AIR POLLUTION, DISCOLORATION OF MARBLE DUE TO OXIDATION OF ITS CONSTITUENTS IS ONE OF THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF ACID RAIN.










METHODS TO AVOID ACID RAIN


     ACID RAIN CAUSED DUE TO THE NATURAL REASONS CANNOT BE STOPPED. BUT THERE ARE WAYS FOLLOWING WHICH WE CAN AVOID THE SAME, CAUSED DUE TO MAN MADE REASONS. THE WAYS BY WHICH ACID RAIN CAN BE AVOIDED ARE BY THE USE OF LIMESTONE BY WHICH PEOPLE CAN REPAIR THE DAMAGES CAUSED BY ACID RAIN TO LAKES, RIVERS, BROOKS, AND OTHER WATER SOURCES. BY ADDING LIME INTO ACIDIC SURFACE ALSO WE CAN AVOID ACID RAIN AS WATER BALANCES THE ACIDITY.










    USE OF HYBRID VEHICLES WITH NEGLIGIBLE NO2 EMISSIONS IS ALSO A WAY OUT. BESIDES FOSSIL FUELS, THERE IS A WIDE RANGE OF SUBSTITUTABLE ENERGY SOURCES THAT CAN GENERATE ELECTRIC POWER THESE INCLUDE WIND ENERGY, SOLAR ENERGY, GEOTHERMAL ENERGY, NUCLEAR POWER, AND HYDRO ENERGY. USING THESE ENERGY SOURCES CAN OFFER EFFECTIVE ELECTRICAL POWER ALTERNATIVES. INSTEAD OF USING FOSSIL FUELS, USE OF NATURAL GAS, FUEL CELLS AND BATTERIES CAN ALSO SUBSTITUTE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS.






 










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